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You are here: Developer & Building Professionals > Conservation Matters > Conservation Information > Principle & Approaches
 

Principle & Approaches

 
Singapore's architectural history is the story of skilled craftsmen and architects. It is an investment in quality places for work and play. Old and new skills, past knowledge and current technologies all combine to bring the past back to productive life.

Quality restoration is more than just preserving a facade or the external shell of a building. It retains the inherent spirit and original ambience of historic buildings. It requires an appreciation and understanding of the architecture and structure of traditional buildings, good management and practice.

The "3R" Principle

The fundamental principle of conservation applicable to all conservation buildings irrespective of scale and complexity is maximum Retention, sensitive Restoration and careful Repair - the "3R"s. Selective replacement should be considered only when absolutely necessary. Total reconstruction goes against accepted international conservation practices.

Buildings to be conserved shall be restored in accordance with the conservation guidelines. All original structural and architectural elements shall be retained and restored. In the event that such elements have to be repaired or replaced, their features shall be retained.

No building or structure shall be altered or demolished if there is any conceivable way of preserving it in its original or current condition. When upgrading and adapting a building to new uses, the existing structure should be retained by strengthening and repairing the structural elements. Any alteration or strengthening to structural elements should be done in the most sympathetic and unobtrusive way possible using original methods and materials whenever possible.

Before any conservation work commences, a thorough research and documentation should be carried out on the conservation building to ensure that restoration work is faithfully carried out. At every stage of the conservation work, the technical aspects and process of the various activities should be documented.

The conservation principle is explained in greater detail in the book on `Objectives, Principles and Standards for Preservation and Conservation'. The leaflet on `Preferred Design Approach' for structural alteration to shophouses in conservation areas highlights the structural design philosophy to be adopted for conservation buildings and good practice at the design and restoration stages.

Both are available for sale at the Customer Service Centre, 1st Storey, The URA Centre, 45 Maxwell Road, Singapore 069118.

 

UNDERSTANDING THE SHOPHOUSE

KEY ELEMENTS OF THE SHOPHOUSE

The conservation guidelines for shophouses, terrace houses and bungalows relate to the key elements of the typology of the building.

Shophouses, an important building type in Singapore's architectural heritage, are narrow small terraced houses for business and living. Constructed between 1840 and 1960, these humble buildings are two- to three- storeys high, built in contiguous blocks with common party walls.

Quality restoration of a shophouse requires an appreciation and understanding of the architecture of the building. The key elements to be respected in the restoration are:

Roofs

Party Walls

Timber Structural Members

Airwells

Rear Court

Timber windows

Timber staircase

Front Facade

APPLICATION TO THE VARIOUS CONSERVATION AREAS

In the Singapore context, the conservation principle has been applied in different degrees to the different groups of conservation areas taking into consideration the historical significance, the context of the surrounding developments as well as the long-term planning intention for each of these areas. The extent of the building to be conserved and the degree of adaptations allowed are highlighted below.

The Historic Areas of Boat Quay, Chinatown, Kampong Glam and Little India

The Historic Areas of Emerald Hill, Cairnhill and Blair Plain

The Secondary Settlements of Jalan Besar, Beach Road, River Valley, Geylang and Joo Chiat

The Bungalow Areas of the Good Class Bungalow Areas and Fringe (White House Park/Nassim Road Conservation Area, Chatsworth Park Conservation Area and Holland Park/Ridout Park Conservation Area) and the Mountbatten Road Conservation Area